Thyagaraja Swami
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Tyagaraja tyāgarāja (4 May 1767 – 6 January 1847), also known as Tyāgayya, was a renowned composer of Carnatic music, a form of Indian classical music. He was prolific and highly influential in the development of India"s classical music tradition. Tyagaraja and his contemporaries, Shyama Shastri and Muthuswami Dikshitar, were regarded as the Trinity of Carnatic music. Tyagaraja composed thousands of devotional compositions, most in Telugu and in praise of Lord Rama, many of which remain popular today. Of special mention are five of his compositions called the Pancharatna Kritis (English: "five gems"), which are often sung in programs in his honour.
Tyagaraja saw the reigns of four kings of the Maratha dynasty — Tulaja II (1763–1787), Amarasimha (1787–1798), Serfoji II (1798–1832) and Sivaji II (1832–1855),although he served none of them.
Tyāgarāja was born Kakarla Tyagabrahmam in 1767 to a Telugu Vaidiki Mulakanadu Brahmin family in Tiruvarur in present-day Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu. There is a school of thought led by "Kakarla" indicates that they were originally migrants from the village of the same name in the Cumbum taluk of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. His family belonged to the Smarta tradition and Bharadvaja gotra. Tyagaraja was the third son of his parents, and Panchanada Brahmam and Panchapakesha Brahmam are his older brothers. He was named Tyaga Brahmam/Tyagaraja after Tyagaraja, the presiding deity of the temple at Thiruvarur, the place of his birth. Tyagaraja"s paternal grandfather was Giriraja Kavi. Giriraja Kavi was a poet and musician. Giriraja was born in Kakarla village, Cumbum taluk in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. He is believed to have belonged to the Mulakanadu sect. Tyagaraja"s maternal grandfather was named Kalahastayya, but was frequently addressed as Veena Kalahastayya as he was a noted veena player. Tyagaraja learned to play the veena in his childhood from Kalahastayya. After Kalahastayya"s death Tyagaraja found Naradeeyam, a book related to music Tyagaraja hero-worshipped the celestial sage Narada; a reference to this is Tyagaraja"s krithi Vara Nārada (rāga Vijayaśrī, Ādi tāḷam). Legend has it that a hermit taught him a mantra invoking Narada, and Tyagaraja, meditating on this mantra, received a vision of Narada and was blessed with the book Svarārnavam by the sage. During his last days, Tyagaraja took vows of Sannyasa.
Tyagaraja died on a Pushya Bahula Panchami day, 6 January 1847, at the age of 79. His last composition before his death was Giripai Nelakonna (rāga Sahāna, Ādi tāḷam). He was buried at the banks of the Kaveri river at Thiruvaiyaru.
Remembrance :
Tyagaraja Aradhana, the commemorative music festival is held every year at Thiruvaiyaru in the months of January to February in Tyagaraja"s honor. This is a week-long festival of music where various Carnatic musicians from all over the world converge at his resting place. On the Pushya Bahula Panchami, thousands of people and hundreds of Carnatic musicians sing the five Pancharatna Kritis in unison, with the accompaniment of a large bank of accompanists on veenas, violins, flutes, nadasvarams, mridangams and ghatams.
A sports complex in New Delhi, Thyagaraj Sports Complex, was named after him. A crater on the planet Mercury was named after Tyagaraja in 1976.
Ghana Raga Pancharatnam
Main article: Pancharatna Kriti
1 jagadānanda kāraka - Nāṭa
2 duḍukugala nannē - Gauḷa
3 sādhiñcenē ō manasā - Ārabhi
4 kana kana rucirā - Varāḷi
5 endarō mahānubhāvulu - Śrī
Thiruvottiyur Pancharatnam :
These kritis are composed on the Goddess Tripurasundari of the Thyagaraja Temple at Thiruvottiyur. It is said that Thyagaraja composed these at the request of his disciple Veena Kuppayyar.
1 kanna talli - Sāvēri
2 sundari ninnu - Ārabhi
3 sundari nannindarilō - Bēgadā
4 sundari nī divya rūpamunu - Kalyāṇi
5 dārini telusukoṇṭi - Suddha Sāvēri
Kovur Pancharatnam :
The following kritis are composed on the presiding deity of the Sundareswarar Temple at Kovur
1 ī vasudha - Sahānā
2 kōri sēvimpa rārē - Kharaharapriya
3 śambhō mahādēva - Pantuvarāḷi
4 nammi vaccina - Kalyāṇi
5 sundarēśvaruni - Shankarābharanam
Shriranga Pancharatnam :
1 cūtāmu rārē - Ārabhi
2 ō raṅga śāyi - Kāmbhōji
3 karuṇa jūḍavayya - Sārangā
4 rāju veḍale - Tōdi
5 vinarādā - Devagāndhāri
Lalgudi Pancharatnam
Thyagaraja composed the following krithis on the deities Saptarishishwarar and his consort Pravrddha Shrimati at their temple in Lalgudi (previously known as Thiruvavaduthurai).
1 gati nīvani - Tōdi
2 lalitē śrī pravṛddhē - Bhairavi
3 dēva śrī - Madhyamāvati
4 mahita pravṛddha - Kāmbhōji
5 īśa pāhi māṃ - Kalyāṇi
Kritis on Panchanadheeswarar Temple in Thiruvaiyaru
Pancha Nadīśvara Kritis :
1 ilalō praṇatārti - Athāna
2 evarunnāru brōva - Māḷavashri
3 ēhi trijagadīśa - Sārangā
4 muccaṭa brahmādulaku - Madhyamāvati
Dharmasamvardhani Devi Kritis
1 karuṇa jūḍavamma - Tōdi
2 parā śakti manupa rādā - Sāvēri
3 nīvu brōva valenamma - Sāvēri
4 bālē bālēndu bhūṣaṇi - Rītigauḷa
5 amma dharmasaṃvardhani - Athāna
6 vidhi śakrādulaku - Yamunā Kaḷyāṇi
7 śivē pāhi mām - Kalyāṇi
8 amba ninu nammiti - Ārabhi
Kritis composed at Kanchipuram
Varadaraja Perumal Kritis :
1 varadā navanītāśa pāhi - Rāgapanjaram
2 varada rāja ninu kōri vacciti - Swarabhushani
Kanchi Kamakshi Kritis :
1 vināyakuni valenu brōvavē - Madhyamāvati
Tirupati Venkateswara Kritis
1 tera tīyaga rādā - Gauḷipantu
2 veṅkaṭēśa ninu sēvimpanu - Madhyamāvati
Neelayadakshi Kritis :
The following kritis are addressed to Goddess Neelayatakshi of Kayarohanaswami Temple at Nagapattinam
1 evaru teliya poyyēru - Todi
2 karmamē balavantamāyā - Saveri
Divya Nāma Sankīrtana :
vara-līla gāna-lōla sura-pāla suguṇa-jāla bharita nīla-gaḷa hṛdālaya - Shanakarabharanam
Dīna janāvana śrī rāma - Dānava haraṇa śrī rāma - vīna vimāma śrī rāma - mīna śarīra śrī rāma - Bhupalam
Callarē rāmacandrunipai pūla - Ahiri
Daśaratha nandana dānava mardana dayayā māṃ pāhi - Asaveri
maravakarā nava manmatha rūpuni - Devagandhari
nārāyaṇa hari nārāyaṇa hari - Yamuna Kalyani
ō rāma ō rāma ōṅkāra dhāma - Arabhi
pāhi rāma rāmayanucu bhajana śēyavē - Kharaharapriya
pāhi māṃ harē mahānubhāva rāghava - Saurashtra
pālaya śrī raghuvīra sukṛpālaya rāja kumāra māṃ - Devagandhari
rāma pāhi mēgha śyāma pāhi guṇadhāma mām pāhi ō rāma - Kapi
rāma rāma rāma māṃ pāhi - Yamuna Kalyani
vandanamu raghu nandana sētu bandhana bhakta candana rāma - Sahana
Utsava Sampradāya Kritis :
1 heccarikagā rārā hē rāmacandra - Yadukula Kāmbhōji
2 sītā kalyāṇa vaibhōgamē - Kurinji/Shankarābharanam
3 nagumōmu galavāni nā manōharuni - Madhyamāvati
4 nāpāli śrī rāma bhūpālaka sōma - Shankarābharanam
5 jaya maṅgaḷaṃ nitya śubha maṅgaḷaṃ - Ghaṇta
6 jaya maṅgaḷaṃ nitya śubha maṅgaḷaṃ - Nādanāmakriya
7 patiki hāratī rē - Surati
8 patiki maṅgaḷa hāratirē - Ārabhi
9 śōbhānē - Pantuvarāḷi
10 pūla pānupu mīda - Āhiri
11 baḍalika tīra - Rītigauḷa
12 lāli lāliyaniyūcedarā - Harikāmbhōji
13 lāli lālayya lāli - Kēdāragaula
14 rāma śrī rāma lāli - Shankarābharanam
15 uyyālalūgavayya śrī rāma - Niīāṃbari
16 lāliyūgavē māpāli daivamā - Niīāṃbari
17 rāma rāma rāma lāli - Sahānā
18 kṣīra sāgara vihāra - Ānanda Bhairavi
19 rakṣa peṭṭarē doraku - Bhairavi
20 śrī rāma rāma rāma - Niīāṃbari
21 jō jō rāma ānanda ghana - Rītigauḷa
22 mēlukōvayya mammēlukō rāma - Bauḷi
23 mēlukō dayā nidhī - Saurāṣtram
24 jānakī nāyaka - Dhanyāsi
25 mā rāmacandruniki - Kēdāragaula
Musical Dramas :
Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam :
śrī gaṇapatini sēvimpa rārē - Saurāṣṭra
vāsudēvayani veḍalinayī dauvārikuni kanarē - Kaḷyāṇi
vinatāsuta rārā nā vinuti gaikonarā - husEni
nārada muni veḍalina suguṇātiśayamu vinarē - Pantuvaraḷi
ipuḍaina nanu talacinārā svāmi - Arabhi
ēṭi janmamidi hā ō rāma - Varāḷi
ē nāṭi nōmu phalamō ē dāna balamō - bhairavi
aḍugu varamulaniccedanu - Arabhi
tanalōnē dhyāniñci tanmayamē kāvalerā - Dēvagāndhāri
rārā māyiṇṭidāka raghuvīra sukumāra mrokkedarā - Asāvēri
Nouka Charitram :
Srungarinchu koni vedaliri - Surati
Aadavaarella goodi - Yadhu kula Khamboji
Choodare chelulaaraa Yamuna devi - Panthuvarali
Yemani nera nammu kondhumu Krishna - Saurashtram
Yememo theliyaka balikedharu namida dayleka - Saurashtram
ōḍanu jaripē mucchaṭa kanarē vanitalāra nēḍu - Sāranga
Thanayandhe premayanusu viribonulu - Bhairavi
Yenomu nochithmo chelula - Punnagavarali
cālu cālu nī yuktulu naḍavadu sārasākṣa śrī kṛṣṇā - Sāvēri
Choothamu rare yi vedkanu - Kapi
evaru manaku samānamilalō-nintulāra nēḍu - Dēvagāndhāri
Unnathavuna nunda niyyadhu - Gantaa
Alla kallolamayenamma Yamunadevi - Saurashtram
perugu pAlu bujiyinchi - Gantaa
kRshNA mAkEmi dhova baluku - Punnagavarali
indukEmi sEtu mamma - Varali
vEda vAkyamani yenchiri - Mohana
hari hari nIyokka divya - Punnagavarali
gandhamu puyyarugā pannīru gandhamu puyyarugā - Punnāga Varāḷi
ghuma ghumayani vasanathoSaurashtram - Saurashtram
mA kulamuna kiha pramosagina - Surati
Other Kritis :
abhimānamu lēdēmi nīvabhinaya vacanamulāḍēdēmi - Andhāḷi
āḍa mōḍi galadā rāmayya māṭa (lāḍa) - Chāru kēśi
anurāgamu lēni manasuna sujñānamu rādu - Sarasvati
aparādhamulanōrva samayamu kṛpa jūḍumu ghanamaina nā - Rasāḷi
appa rāma bhakti yentō gopparā mā (yappa) - Pantu Varāḷi
āragimpavē pālāragimpavē - Tōḍi
bāgāyenayya nī māyalentō - chandra jyoti
bantu reethi kolu - Hamsa nādam
brōva bhāramā raghurāma bhuvanamella nīvai nannokani - Bahudāri
cakkani rāja mārgamuluṇḍaga sandula dūranēla ō manasā - Kharaharapriya
daya sēyavayyā sadaya rāmacandra - yadukula kāmbhoji
dina maṇi vaṃśa tilaka lāvaṇya dīna śaraṇya - hari kāmbhōji
hyānamē varamaina gaṅgā snānamē manasā - dhanyāsi
dvaitamu sukhamā advaitamu sukhamā - Rīti Gauḷa
ē dāri sañcarinturā yika palkarā - Śr̥ti ranjani
ē tāvunarā nilakaḍa nīku - Kaḷyāṇi
ēmani pogaḍudurā śrī rāma ninn(ēmani) - Vīra vasantaṁ
ēmi dōva palkumāyikanu nēnendu pōdu śrī rāma - Sāranga
ennāḷḷu tirigēdiyennāḷḷu - Māḷava śrī
enta vēḍukondu rāghava pantamēlarā ō rāghava - Sarasvati manōhari
evariccirirā śaracāpamulu nīkina kulābdhi candra - Madhyamāvati
evari māṭa vinnāvō rāvō indu lēvō bhaḷi bhaḷi - Kāmbhōji
gānāmūrtē śrī kṛṣṇa vēṇu gāna lōla tribhuvana pāla pāhi - Gāna mūrti
giri pai nelakonna rāmuni guri tappaka kaṇṭi - Sahana
hari dāsulu veḍale muccaṭa kani ānandamāye dayāḷō - Yamuna Kaḷyāṇi
kāla haraṇa mēlarā harē sītārāma - shuddha saveri
kalugunā pada nīraja sēva gandha vāha tanaya - Pūrṇa lalita
karuṇā samudra nanu kāvavē śrī rāma bhadra - Dēvagāndhāri
koluvaiyunnāḍē kōdaṇḍa pāṇi - Dēvagāndhāri
kṣīra sāgara śayana nannu cintala peṭṭa valenā rāma - Dēvagāndhāri
līlagānu jūcu - Dundhubi/Divyamani
mā jānaki cēṭṭa paṭṭaga maharājavaitivi - Kāmbhōji
manasā eṭulōrtunē nā manavi cēkonavē ō - Maḷayamārutam
manasā śrī rāmacandruni maravakē ēmarakē ō (manasā) Īsha - manōhari
manavyāḷakinca rādaṭē marmamella telpedanē manasā - Naḷina kānti
mari-mari ninnē moraliḍa nī manasuna daya rādu - Kāmbhōji
arugēlarā ō rāghava - jayanta śrī
mōhana rāma mukha jita sōma mudduga palkumā - Mōhana
mōkṣamu galadā bhuvilō jīvanmuktulu kāni vārulaku - Sāramati
nāda lōluḍai brahmānandamandavē manasā - Kaḷyāṇa vasanta
nāda sudhā rasambilanu narākṛti yāye manasā - Arabhi
ādatanumaniśaṃ śaṅkaram namāmi mē manasā śirasā - chitta ranjani
nagumōmu ganalēni nā jāli telisi nanu brōvaga rādā śrī raghuvara nī - Abhēri
nā moralanu vini ēmaravalenā pāmara manujulalō ō rāma - Arabhi
nā morālakimpavēmi śrī rāma - Dēvagāndhāri
nannu kanna talli nā bhāgyamā nārāyaṇi dharmāmbikē - Sindhu kannaḍa
nārada gāna lōla nata jana paripāla - Atāṇā
nidhi cāla sukhamā rāmuni sannidhi sēva sukhamā - nijamuga palku manasā - Kaḷyāṇi
nija marmamulanu telisina vārini nīvalayiñcēdēmakō rāma - Umābharaṇam
ninnē bhajana sēyu vāḍanu - Nāṭa
ninnē nera namminānu nīrajākṣa nanu brōvumu - Pantu Varāḷi
iravadi sukhada nirmala rūpa nirjita muni śāpa - Ravi chandrika
ō rājīvākṣa ōrajūpulu jūcedavērā nē nīku vērā - Arabhi
rāga sudhā rasa pānamu jēsi rañjillavē ō manasā - Andōḷika
palukavēmi nā daivamā parulu navvunadi nyāyamā - Pūrṇa candrika
para lōka bhayamu lēka bhava pāśa baddhulayyēru - Mandāri
raghu nāyaka nī pāda yuga rājīvamula nē viḍa jāla śrī (raghu) - Hamsa dhvani
rāma kōdaṇḍa rāma rāma kalyāṇa rāma - Bhairavi
rākā śaśi vadana iṅka parākā - takka
āma kathā sudhā rasa pānamoka rājyamu jēsunē - Madhyamāvati
ramiñcuvārevarurā raghūttamā ninu vinā - Supōṣiṇi
ānidi rādu surāsurulakaina - Maṇiraṃgu
sāmaja vara gamana sādhu hṛtsārasābja pāla kālātīta vikhyāta - Hindōḷaṃ
saṅgīta jñānamu bhakti vinā sanmārgamu kaladē manasā - Dhanyāsi
sarasa sāma dāna bhēda daṇḍa catura sāṭi daivamevarē brōvavē - Kāpi
sītamma māyamma śrī rāmuḍu mā taṇḍri - vasanta
sītāpatē nā manasuna siddhāntamani yunnānurā - khamās
sītāvara saṅgīta jnanamu dhāta vrāyavalerā - Dēvagāndhāri
smaraṇē sukhamu rāma nāma naruḍai puṭṭinanduku nāma - Janaranjani
ōbhillu sapta svara sundarula bhajimpavē manasā - Jaganmōhini
sogasu jūḍa taramā - kannaḍa Gaula
sogasugā mṛdaṅga tāḷamu jata gūrci ninu sokka jēyu dhīruḍevvaḍō - śriranjani
śrī raghu kulamandu puṭṭi sītanu ceyi konina rāma candra - Hamsadhvani
śrī rāma pādamā nī kṛpa cālunē cittāniki rāvē - Amṛta vāhini
sudhā mādhurya bhāṣaṇa - sindhu rāma kriya
sundara daśaratha nandana vandanamonariñcedarā - kāpi
telisi rāma cintanatō nāmamu sēyavē ō manasā - Pūrṇa chandrika
teliya lēru rāma bhakti mārgamunu - Dhēnuka
śrī tuḷasamma māyiṇṭa nelakonavamma - ī mahini nī samānamevaramma baṅgāru bomma (śrī) - Dēvagāndhāri
tulasī daḷamulacē santoṣamugā pūjintu - Māyāmāḻavagauḻa
vidulaku mrokkeda saṅgīta kōvidulaku - Māyāmāḻavagauḻa
vinarādā nā manavi - Dēvagāndhāri
yōcanā kamala lōcana nanu brōva - Darbār
yēlara krishna - ambhoji
Other Compositions that contain the Thyagaraja mudra
Abhiṣṭa varadā - Hamsadhvani
Sārasa nētra - Śaṃkarābharaṇaṃ
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carnatic
